～とも

Today’s Grammar Point:  ～とも

～とも has the meanings of “all ～” or “inclusive of ～.” The kanji for that is 共 but in this meaning, we usually write it in Hiragana.

When it means “all ～”

• [a number] + [counter] とも

Examples

妹いもうとが二人ふたりいますが、二人ふたりとも独身どくしんです。
I have two younger sisters, both of whom are single.

ケーキを三みっつ買かったんだけど、おいしかったから三みっつとも食たべちゃった。
I bought three cakes, but they were delicious so I ate all three.

四人よにん家族かぞくですが、四人よにんとも豆腐とうふが嫌きらいです。
We are a family of four, but all four dislike tofu.

制服せいふくのシャツは五枚ごまいとも乾かわいてないので、学校がっこうに着きて行いくシャツがありません。
All five uniform shirts aren’t dry, so I don’t have a shirt to wear to school.

ジョンさんが昨日きのう買かった本ほんは六冊ろくさつとも日本語にほんごの本ほんです。
All six books that John bought yesterday are in Japanese.

昨日きのう生うまれた子猫こねこは七匹ななひきともオスでした。
All seven kittens born yesterday were male.

このCDには九曲きゅうきょく入はいっていますが、九曲きゅうきょくともすごくいいです。
There are nine songs on this CD, and all nine songs are really good.

クラスの女子じょしは十人じゅうにんが十人じゅうにんとも物理ぶつりを選択せんたくしています。
All ten girls in the class choose physics.

Sometimes, ～とも can be used after a word that suggests a pair like 男女だんじょ (male and female), 夫婦ふうふ (husband and wife), 両親りょうしん (parents), 母子ぼし (mother and child), 両方りょうほう (both), etc. even if it is not preceded with a number.

男女だんじょとも平均寿命へいきんじゅみょうが伸のびています。
Life expectancy is increasing for both men and women.

両親りょうしんとも日本にほんに住すんでいます。
Both my parents live in Japan.

母子ぼしとも（に）元気げんきです。
Both mother and child are fine.

金閣寺きんかくじと銀閣寺ぎんかくじは両方りょうほうとも室町時代むろまちじだいに建たてられました。(Today’s caption)
Both Kinkakuji and Ginkakuji were built during the Muromachi period.

When it means “inclusive of ～” or “including ～”

• [noun*] とも
  *This noun should be an additional item, not the main item.

付録ふろくとも600円えん
600 yen for both the magazine and its appendix.

送料そうりょうともで5000円えんです。
The price is 5000 yen including the postage.

リフト券けんは発行日はっこうびとも二日間ふつかかん有効ゆうこうです。
The lift ticket is valid for two days including the day of issue.

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