ワンピース is the transliteration of the English phrase “one piece” but ワンピース only refers to a one-piece “dress” for women (or the popular manga “One Piece”).
There is another katakana word ドレス which comes from the English word “dress” but if you say ドレス in Japanese, that is more like a “gown” in English – a fancy dress you would wear in a very special occasion like a wedding. It is OK for a woman to wear ワンピース to work (unless otherwise instructed) but it is not appropriate to wear a ドレス to work (unless you are having an office party).
Now I mentioned the English word “gown” and there is a Katakana word ガウン but ガウン in Japanese is more close to a “dressing gown” in English, which you would normally wear over a nightie or pyjamas. You will never wear a ガウン to a wedding in Japan.
So if somebody says to you ワンピースで来て, that means “please come in a dress” as opposed to wearing a suit or pants – not telling you to arrive safely (in one piece).
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