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Thank you for your comment. As you know, kanji are from China. They were brought to Japan from China and ancient Japanese people used them to scribe the language they were speaking, Japanese. They also imported many words from Chinese – characters, meaning and sound altogether. The kanji reading of these imported Chinese words is called 音読み(おんよみ) and the reading which is originally Japanese is called 訓読み(くんよみ). When we differentiate these two, 音読み is usually written in Katakana and 訓読み is written in Hiragana, so I follow the same system here.
In the case of this kanji 海, カイ is 音読み – originally Chinese, and うみ and うな are 訓読み(くんよみ)- originally Japanese.
If you are still learning Katakana, I have a fully interactive online katakana learning course. Please visit the online courses section in the menu.
Why It Is used katakana to write the pronunciation of kanji?