We have learned ～ため（に） to express a purpose before but today’s ～ため（に） is for describing a reason or cause. Check out examples here.
～たまえ
～たまえ is a rather old fashioned expression used for a request. I hear ～たまえ used in prayers often but I don’t hear it in everyday conversations very often.
浮
Today’s #kanji is 浮, which is listed under its semantic element of #さんずいへん（氵）. Its phonetic element is 孚. 孚 is not listed in the everyday use kanji.
～たはず
～たはず describes an action which should have taken place but actually didn’t and ～たはず often implies the speakers surprise or regret.
～たところ
～たところ is an expression used to specify a time/occasion in the past when the speaker discovered something unexpected or contradictory to their anticipation.
演
Today’s #kanji is 演, which is listed under its semantic element of #さんずいへん（氵）. Its phonetic element is 寅 although 演 and 寅 do not share a sound.
～たつもり
つもり means an “intention”, but if つもり is used with a past tense verb, ～たつもり can express an assumption or conviction which may not necessarily true or real.
～たことにする
～たことにする a pattern used to intentionally make a false statement about something in the past: “not actually ～ but I will pretend ～.”
付
Today’s #kanji is 付, which is listed under the radical of #にんべん（亻）. It is a compound ideograph made of a person （亻） and 寸.
～だけじゃなく/～だけでなく
～だけじゃなく (casual) / ～だけでなく (formal) means “not only ～” so inevitably a “but also” part which is indicated with the particle も follows.
～てごらん（なさい）
～てごらん or ～てごらんなさい is a gentle way to suggest an action to somebody who is junior to you such as your children, students, etc.
歯
Today’s #kanji is 歯 which makes its own radical of #はへん（歯）. Originally 齒. The bottom half is its semantic element and the top half 止 is the phonetic element.
～たきり・・・（ない）
～たきり・・・（ない） means after the action of the たform verb is completed the condition described in the second half of the sentence is continuing.
～たいものだ/～たいものです
～たいものだ/～たいものです is a variation of ～たい（です） but it is used for a wish that is difficult to fulfill or something you have longed for for a long time.
抜
Today’s #kanji is 抜, which looks like 扌 and 友 but 抜’s original form is 拔 and that is made of its semantic element of #てへん（扌） and phonetic element of 犮.
～そうにみえる
～そうにみえる is used to describe your own opinion based on the appearance of somebody else or an external condition. Check more example sentences here.
～そうになる/そうになった
～そうになる is used when something out of a speaker’s control is about to happen. Ｉt is often used in the past tense to describe something that almost happened.
候
Today’s #kanji is 候 is listed under its semantic element of #にんべん（亻）. Its phonetic element is 矦, which I have never seen used in the Japanese language.
～そうにない/そうもない/そうにもない
～そうにない, ～そうもない and ～そうにもない are used when you describe something that is unlikely to happen. This post explains how to use them and subtle differences among them
～そうにする/～そうにしている
～そうにする/～そうにしている means “to look ～” or “to seem ～”. ～そうにする/～そうにしている follows an adjective stem which describes a person’s feeling or sense.
