~かわりに is used to mention an alternative. Also it can be used to mention 2 opposing facts as if one good side is making up for the other bad side or vise versa.
~くらい/ぐらい
~くらい or ~ぐらい is used to emphasize how trivial a condition is or to explain an extent of a situation/condition using an example.
~くせに/くせして
~くせに/くせして is usually translated as “although ~”, “despite ~”, etc. but it implies “criticism” or “reproach” against the other person’s action or status.
~きる
~きる is an auxiliary verb used after a verb stem and means “to finish ~ing completely/sufficiently” or “to reach a limit of ~ing”
~からなる
~からなる is an expression to mention something’s components. As being made of ~ is a condition that lasts for a while, it is often used in the form of ~からなっている.
~からには…
~からには… is used when the condition stated before からには will inevitably lead to the statement after it and often used to express the speaker’s resolution.
~からして
~からして is used to give an example to lead to your opinion or to state a strong base for your conviction. This post explains how it’s used.
~からすると…、~からいうと…、~からみると…
~からすると…、~からいうと…、~からみると… are used to state the viewpoint when an opinion or judgement is expressed. This post explains how they are used and their differences.
~にわたって
~にわたって is an expression to state a range and it emphasizes the length or vastness of the range. Something like “throughout ~” or “for the entire ~”
(〜から)~にかけて
〜にかけて is used when you are stating a vague ending point of something continuous. It is similar to ~まで. This post explains the differences between ~にかけて and 〜まで.
~かなにか
~か何か is added to the sentence when we are making a loose suggestion or when we are not sure about the fact. Something like “~ or something” or “some sort of ~”
~ぎみ
Similar to ~がち, ~ぎみ is used to describe some rather negative tendency. ~ぎみ is more focused on the current condition than how often things happen.
~がち
~がち is often used to describe a rather negative tendency or habit. So it gets translated “tend to…”, “… rather often”, etc.
~かな/~かなあ
~かな/~かなあ is used when you are wondering if something will happen/has happened or not or when you are wishing for something.
~かける、~かけの
~かける、~かけの is used when
exerting an action on somebody else / an action was started but not completed / something was about to happen but stopped before too late
~がたい vs ~づらい vs ~にくい
~がたい、~づらい、~にくい are all usually translated as “difficult to ~” or “hard to ~” but they are not quite interchangeable. I will compare these 3 today below.
~たびに
~たび is used when a certain situation triggers the same, rather unexpected outcome every time without failure. Check examples here.
~がきっかけで/~をきっかけに
きっかけ means a “cue” or a “trigger” and ~がきっかけで/~をきっかけに is used when you want to describe one action lead to another. See more examples here.
~かえす
~をかえす means “to return,” “to put back,” or “to reverse” but かえす can be used with a verb stem and add the meaning of “in return,” “back,” “again,” or “over.”
~がかり
がかり is an expression to emphasize the amount of effort/time needed in a certain situation. Read more example sentences here.